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Observations

A Mob from Afar, People Up Close

From a distance, society’s conformity and absurdity can be dispiriting. Up close, we keep meeting sincere, decent people. These views may coexist: we can question how groups work while leaving room for patience and goodwill towards individuals.

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Another Year, Another New Term

Watching new arrivals in a crowded London hotpot restaurant brings back memories of my own first year. Several nights of clubbing a week have given way to meals, tea and conversation. The friendships haven’t changed; the pace has.

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Kindness Needs Teeth

Beginning with a choice between survival and loyalty to a dog, this essay asks how morality and civilization endure. The challenge is to give goodness the means to survive: boundaries for kindness, and rules that constrain power.

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Thinking May Take Many Forms

Next-token prediction describes a model’s task, but may not explain everything required to perform it. Can an underlying mechanism rule out higher-level abilities? And when prediction calls for world models, abstraction, and planning, how far is it from thought?

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